Human Languages
│
├── Indo-European (Eurasia)
│ ├── Germanic → English, German, Dutch, Swedish
│ ├── Romance → Spanish, French, Italian, Portuguese, Romanian
│ ├── Indo-Iranian → Hindi, Urdu, Persian, Bengali
│ ├── Slavic → Russian, Polish, Czech, Serbian
│ └── Celtic → Irish, Welsh, Scottish Gaelic
│
├── Sino-Tibetan (East Asia)
│ ├── Sinitic → Mandarin, Cantonese, Wu
│ └── Tibeto-Burman → Burmese, Tibetan
│
├── Afroasiatic (North Africa / Middle East)
│ ├── Semitic → Arabic, Hebrew, Amharic
│ ├── Berber → Tamazight languages
│ └── Egyptian (ancient → Coptic)
│
├── Niger-Congo (Sub-Saharan Africa)
│ ├── Bantu → Swahili, Zulu, Shona
│ └── Other Niger-Congo → Yoruba, Igbo
│
├── Austronesian (Pacific / Southeast Asia)
│ ├── Malayo-Polynesian → Malay, Indonesian, Tagalog
│ └── Oceanic → Hawaiian, Māori, Samoan
│
├── Dravidian (South Asia)
│ ├── South Dravidian → Tamil, Malayalam
│ ├── Central Dravidian → Telugu
│ └── North Dravidian → Brahui
│
├── Uralic (Northern Eurasia)
│ ├── Finno-Ugric → Finnish, Hungarian, Estonian
│ └── Samoyedic → Nenets
│
└── Turkic (Central Eurasia)
├── Oghuz → Turkish, Azerbaijani
├── Kipchak → Kazakh, Tatar
└── Karluk → Uzbek, Uyghur