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Linux Commands

pstree
ss -tulpn
  • -t = TCP
  • -u = UDP
  • -l = listening ports
  • -p = process
  • -n = numeric (no DNS lookup)
last
who
w

check free storage:

df -h

check connected storage disks:

lsblk

mounting:

sudo mkdir -p /mnt/recovery
sudo mount /dev/sdb1 /mnt/recovery
sudo chown -R $USER:$USER main

tar zip:​

tar -czvf zipped_name.tar.gz file.name
  • -c → create a new archive
  • -z → compress it using gzip
  • -v → verbose (shows progress)
  • -f → output file name
tar -xzvf full_recovery_20260530_160846.tar.gz
  • -x → extract
  • -z → decompress it using gzip
  • -v → verbose (shows progress)
  • -f → file name

unpack tar:

tar -xzf postgresql_backup.tar.gz
sudo tar -czvf postgres_backup.tar.gz -C /mnt/recovery var/lib/postgresql

transfer folders and files:

rsync -aHAX --progress -e "ssh -i /path/to/private_key" /source/ user@host:/destination/

dmesg | tail -50

iscsiadm

Common​

ls -l